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- From: abacard@crl.com (Andre Bacard)
- Newsgroups: alt.privacy.anon-server,alt.privacy,alt.anonymous
- Subject: Anonymous Remailer FAQ
- Date: 19 Mar 1996 22:46:05 -0800
- Organization: CRL Dialup Internet Access (415) 705-6060 [Login: guest]
- Lines: 243
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- NNTP-Posting-Host: crl10.crl.com
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-
-
- *** Frequently Asked Questions About Anonymous Remailers ***
- by
- Andre Bacard, Author of
- "Computer Privacy Handbook"
- [FAQ Updated October 25, 1995]
- [Links at http://www.well.com/user/abacard]
-
- =================================================================
- This article offers a nontechnical overview of "anonymous" and
- "pseudo-anonymous" remailers to help you decide whether to use these
- computer services to enhance your privacy. I have written this especially
- for persons with a sense of humor. You may distribute this (unaltered)
- FAQ for non-commercial purposes.
- =================================================================
-
- What is a remailer?
-
- A remailer is computer service that privatizes your e-mail. A
- remailer allows you to send electronic mail to a Usenet news group
- or to a person without the recipient knowing your name or your
- e-mail address. To date, all popular remailers are free-of-charge.
-
- Why would YOU use remailers?
-
- Maybe you're a computer engineer who wants to express opinions about
- computer products, opinions that your employer might hold against
- you. Possibly you live in a community that is violently intolerant
- of your social, political, or religious views. Perhaps you're
- seeking employment via the Internet and you don't want to jeopardize
- your present job. Possibly you want to place personal ads. Perchance
- you're a whistle-blower afraid of retaliation. Conceivably you feel
- that, if you criticize your government, Big Brother will monitor
- you. Maybe you don't want people "flaming" your corporate e-mail
- address. In short, there are many legitimate reasons why you, a law
- abiding person, might use remailers.
-
- How does a remailer work?
-
- Let's take an example. A popular Internet remailer is run by Johan
- Helsingius, President of a Helsinki, Finland company that helps
- businesses connect to the Internet. His "an@anon.penet.fi" addresses
- are common in controversial news groups. Suppose you read a post
- from a battered woman <an123@anon.penet.fi> crying out for help. You
- can write her at <an123@anon.penet.fi>. Helsingius' computer will
- STRIP AWAY your real name and address (the header at the top of your
- e-mail), replace this data with a dummy address, and forward your
- message to the battered woman. Helsingius' computer will notify you
- of your new anonymous address; e.g., <an345@anon.penet.fi>. You can
- use Helsingius' free service to forward letters to anyone, even to
- persons who do not use his service. His computer sends each user
- detailed instructions about his system.
-
- Are there many remailers?
-
- Currently, there are a couple dozen PUBLIC remailers that anyone can
- use free-of-charge. [There are also a few specialized remailers that
- allow users to post only in specific Usenet groups. I will not
- discuss this latter type]. Remailers tend to come and go. First,
- they require equipment and labor to set up and maintain; second,
- they produce zero revenue.
-
- Why are remailers free?
-
- There is a simple answer. How can remailer administrators charge
- people who want maximum privacy? Administrators can't ask for a
- credit card number or take checks.
-
- In the future, remailer operators might charge for their services.
- Privacy is valuable. For example, offshore banking is one of the
- world's biggest businesses. It is easy to imagine Remailer, ETC.,
- a cyberspace company that goes beyond Mailbox, ETC. (the existing
- company which rents rents snailmail boxes). Already, Community
- ConneXion in Berkeley rents ANONYMOUS home pages and offers
- ANONYMOUS e-mail accounts. In order for remailers to become
- commercial on a big scale, anonymous payment systems such as
- DigiCash must become popular. There are other issues, pro and con,
- beyond the scope of this FAQ.
-
- Why do people operate remailers, if not for money?
-
- People set up remailers for their own personal usage, which they may
- or may not care to share with the rest of us. Joshua Quittner,
- co-author of the high-tech thriller Mother's Day, interviewed Mr.
- Helsingius for Wired magazine. Helsingius said:
-
- "It's important to be able to express certain views without
- everyone knowing who you are. One of the best examples was the
- great debate about Caller ID on phones. People were really
- upset that the person at the receiving end would know who was
- calling. On things like telephones, people take for granted
- the fact that they can be anonymous if they want to and they
- get really upset if people take that away. I think the same
- thing applies for e- mail."
-
- "Living in Finland, I got a pretty close view of how things
- were in the former Soviet Union. If you actually owned a
- photocopier or even a typewriter there you would have to
- register it and they would take samples of what your
- typewriter would put out so they could identify it later.
- That's something I find so appalling. The fact that you have
- to register every means of providing information to the public
- sort of parallels it, like saying you have to sign everything
- on the Net. We always have to be able to track you down".
-
- What is the difference between a "pseudo-anonymous" and an "anonymous"
- remailer?
-
- Note: Most people use the expression "anonymous remailer" as short
- hand for both types of remailers. This causes confusion!
-
- A "PSEUDO-anonymous" remailer is basically an account that you open
- with a remailer operator. Anon.penet.fi (described above) is a
- PSEUDO-anonymous remailer. This means that Julf, the operator, and
- his assistants KNOW your real e-mail address. Your privacy is as
- good as Julf's power and integrity to protect your records. Think
- of a PSEUDO-anonymous remailer as a SOMEWHAT anonymous remailer. In
- practice, what does this mean? Someone might get a court order to
- force a PSEUDO-anonymous remailer operator to reveal your true
- identity. The Finnish police forced Julf to reveal at least one
- person's true identity.
-
- The advantage of most PSEUDO-anonymous remailers is that they are
- user-friendly. If you can send e-mail, you can probably understand
- PSEUDO anonymous remailers. The price you pay for ease of use is
- less security.
-
- Truly ANONYMOUS remailers are a different animal. The good news...
- They provide much more privacy than PSEUDO anonymous remailers. The
- bad news... They are much harder to use than their PSEUDO anonymous
- cousins.
-
- There are basically two types of ANONYMOUS remailers. They are
- called "Cypherpunk remailers" and Lance Cottrell's "Mixmaster
- remailers". Note that I refer to remailers in the plural. If you
- want maximum privacy, you should send your message through two or
- more remailers. If done properly, you can insure that NOBODY (no
- remailer operator or any snoop) can read both your real name and
- your message. This is the real meaning of ANONYMOUS. In practice,
- nobody can force an ANONYMOUS remailer operator to reveal your
- identity, because the operator has NO CLUE who you are!
-
- Cypherpunk and Mixmaster remailer families are too technical to
- describe in this short FAQ. You can get links to technical details
- by checking the Anonymous Remailer FAQ at my web site:
-
- from http://www.well.com/user/abacard
-
- What makes an "ideal" remailer?
-
- An "ideal" remailer is: (a) Easy to use. (b) Run by a reliable
- individual whose system actually does what it promises. In addition,
- this person should have the computer expertise to take prudent steps
- to safeguard your privacy from civilian or government hackers. (c)
- Able to forward your messages in a timely manner. By "timely" I mean
- minutes or hours. (d) Holds your messages for a RANDOM time before
- forwarding them. This time lag makes it harder for snoops to link
- a message that arrives at, say, 3:00 P.M. with a message that leaves
- your machine at, say, 2:59 P.M. (e) Permits (better yet encourages!)
- PGP encryption software. If a remailer does NOT permit PGP (Pretty
- Good Privacy), reasonable people might assume that the remailer
- administrator enjoys reading forwarded mail.
-
- What makes a responsible remailer user?
-
- A responsible user: (a) Sends text files of a reasonable length.
- Binary files take too much transmission time. (b) Transmits files
- selectively. Remailers are NOT designed to send "You Can Get Rich"
- chain letters or other junk mail.
-
- Who are irresponsible remailer users?
-
- Here is a quote from one remailer administrator:
-
- "This remailer has been abused in the past, mostly by users
- hiding behind anonymity to harass other users. I will take
- steps to squish users who do this. Lets keep the net a
- friendly and productive place.... Using this remailer to send
- death threats is highly obnoxious. I will reveal your return
- address to the police if you do this."
-
- Legitimate remailer administrators will NOT TOLERATE harassment or
- criminal activity. Report any such incidents to the remailer
- administrator.
-
- How safe are remailers? [for paranoids only :-)]
-
- For most low-security tasks, such as responding to personal ads,
- PSEUDO anonymous remailers with passcode protection are undoubtedly
- safer than using real e-mail addresses. However, all the best made
- plans of mice and men have weaknesses. Suppose, for example, that
- you are a government employee, who just discovered that your boss
- is taking bribes. Is it safe to use a PSEUDO anonymous remailer to
- send evidence to a government whistleblower's e-mail hot line? Here
- are a few points to ponder:
-
- (a) The person who runs your e-mail system might intercept your
- secret messages to and from the remailer. This gives him proof that
- YOU are reporting your corrupt boss. This evidence could put you in
- danger.
- (b) Maybe the remailer is a government sting operation or a criminal
- enterprise designed to entrap people. The person who runs this
- service might be your corrupt boss' partner.
- (c) Hackers can do magic with computers. It's possible that civilian
- or Big Brother hackers have broken into the remailer (unbeknownst
- to the remailer's administrator), and that they can read your
- messages at will.
- (d) It is possible that Big Brother collects, scans, and stores all
- messages, including passcodes, into and out of the remailer.
-
- For these reasons, hard-core privacy people are leery of PSEUDO
- anonymous remailers. These people use Cypherpunk or Mixmaster
- programs that route their messages through several ANONYMOUS
- remailers. This way only the first remailer knows their real
- address, and the first remailer cannot know the final destination
- of the e-mail message. In addition, they PGP encrypt all messages.
-
- Remailer Technical Info and Software
-
- You can link up to technical remailer material, including the
- software, by visiting the Anonymous Remailer FAQ at my Web site
- [address below].
-
- Andre, have you written other privacy-related FAQs?
-
- I'm circulating an (1) Anonymous Remailer FAQ, (2) E-Mail
- Privacy FAQ, (3) (Non-Technical) PGP FAQ for Novices, and (4)
- ALPHA.C2.ORG Remailer FAQ. To get these FAQs,
-
- Visit my WEB site: http://www.well.com/user/abacard
-
- Or send me this e-mail: To: abacard@well.com
- Subject: Help
- Message: [Ignored]
-
- ======================================================================
- abacard@well.com Bacard wrote "The Computer Privacy
- Stanford, California Handbook" [Intro by Mitchell Kapor].
- "Playboy" Interview (see below) Published by Peachpit Press, (800)
- http://www.well.com/user/abacard 283-9444, ISBN # 1-56609-171-3.
- =======================================================================
-
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